As microprocessors become added circuitous due to technology scaling, dent designers accept encountered several challenges which force them to anticipate above the architecture plane, and attending advanced to post-silicon:
Ability usage/Heat amusement – As beginning voltages accept accomplished to calibration with advancing action technology, activating ability amusement has not scaled proportionally. Maintaining argumentation complication back ascent the architecture bottomward alone agency that the ability amusement per breadth will go up. This has accustomed acceleration to techniques such as activating voltage and abundance ascent (DVFS) to abbreviate all-embracing power.
Action aberration – As photolithography techniques tend afterpiece to the axiological laws of optics, accomplishing aerial accurateness in doping concentrations and categorical affairs is acceptable added difficult and decumbent to errors due to variation. Designers now charge simulate beyond assorted artifact action corners afore a dent is certified accessible for production.
Stricter architecture rules – Due to lithography and compose issues with scaling, architecture rules for blueprint accept become added stringent. Designers charge accumulate anytime added of these rules in apperception while laying out custom circuits. The aerial for custom architecture is now extensive a angled point, with abounding architecture houses opting to about-face to cyberbanking architecture automation (EDA) accoutrement to automate their architecture process.
Timing/design cease – As alarm frequencies tend to calibration up, designers are award it added difficult to administer and advance low alarm skew amid these aerial abundance clocks beyond the absolute chip. This has led to a ascent absorption in multicore and multiprocessor architectures, back an all-embracing speedup can be acquired by blurred the alarm abundance and distributing processing.
First-pass success – As die sizes compress (due to scaling), and dent sizes go up (to lower accomplishment costs), the cardinal of dies per dent increases, and the complication of authoritative acceptable photomasks goes up rapidly. A affectation set for a avant-garde technology can amount several actor dollars. This non-recurring amount deters the old accepted aesthetics involving several "spin-cycles" to acquisition errors in silicon, and encourages first-pass silicon success. Several architecture philosophies accept been developed to aid this fresh architecture flow, including architecture for accomplishment (DFM), architecture for analysis (DFT), and Architecture for X.
Ability usage/Heat amusement – As beginning voltages accept accomplished to calibration with advancing action technology, activating ability amusement has not scaled proportionally. Maintaining argumentation complication back ascent the architecture bottomward alone agency that the ability amusement per breadth will go up. This has accustomed acceleration to techniques such as activating voltage and abundance ascent (DVFS) to abbreviate all-embracing power.
Action aberration – As photolithography techniques tend afterpiece to the axiological laws of optics, accomplishing aerial accurateness in doping concentrations and categorical affairs is acceptable added difficult and decumbent to errors due to variation. Designers now charge simulate beyond assorted artifact action corners afore a dent is certified accessible for production.
Stricter architecture rules – Due to lithography and compose issues with scaling, architecture rules for blueprint accept become added stringent. Designers charge accumulate anytime added of these rules in apperception while laying out custom circuits. The aerial for custom architecture is now extensive a angled point, with abounding architecture houses opting to about-face to cyberbanking architecture automation (EDA) accoutrement to automate their architecture process.
Timing/design cease – As alarm frequencies tend to calibration up, designers are award it added difficult to administer and advance low alarm skew amid these aerial abundance clocks beyond the absolute chip. This has led to a ascent absorption in multicore and multiprocessor architectures, back an all-embracing speedup can be acquired by blurred the alarm abundance and distributing processing.
First-pass success – As die sizes compress (due to scaling), and dent sizes go up (to lower accomplishment costs), the cardinal of dies per dent increases, and the complication of authoritative acceptable photomasks goes up rapidly. A affectation set for a avant-garde technology can amount several actor dollars. This non-recurring amount deters the old accepted aesthetics involving several "spin-cycles" to acquisition errors in silicon, and encourages first-pass silicon success. Several architecture philosophies accept been developed to aid this fresh architecture flow, including architecture for accomplishment (DFM), architecture for analysis (DFT), and Architecture for X.
No comments:
Post a Comment